Bronchitis refers to inflammation and irritation of one or more of the airways, known as the bronchi, and sometimes the trachea, in cats. Feline bronchitis can be either acute or chronic.
Its causes are multifactorial, ranging from viral infections to factors linked to the oral microbiota.
Cats typically develop bronchitis as a result of hypersensitivity reactions, viruses, bacteria, or parasites, although the exact mechanisms are not yet fully understood. Regardless of the underlying cause, the tissues lining the throat, trachea, and bronchi become inflamed and irritated. Coughing represents the body’s attempt to expel irritants from the airways; however, this often leads to further bronchial irritation. Since coughing is not common in cats, its presence should always prompt further investigation.
In cats and other animals, coughing is a key sign of tracheobronchial irritation. Affected cats usually exhibit a dry, persistent cough accompanied by retching, which can easily be mistaken for vomiting or attempts to expel hairballs. In more severe cases, the cough may become productive, appearing moist and congested.
Understanding the Oral Microbiota
The term microbiota refers to the complex and dynamic community of microorganisms that inhabit different parts of the body. While many are familiar with the gut microbiota—essential for maintaining overall health—microbial populations are also present in other systems, including the oral cavity, respiratory tract, urogenital system, and beyond, in both humans and animals.
Recent research published in PLOS ONE suggests that the bacterium Filobacterium felis may play a role in the development of feline bronchitis and other bronchial diseases.
In veterinary medicine, one important consideration is the potential translocation of oral bacteria during dental procedures. Microorganisms that are normally harmless within the oral microbiota may enter the bloodstream and colonize distant organs, potentially leading to conditions such as myocarditis. For this reason, antimicrobial prophylaxis is often directed against bacteria commonly associated with cardiac infections, including Streptococcus canis (Gram-positive) and Escherichia coli (Gram-negative).
The genus Filobacterium, recently identified in rodents and now observed in cats, appears to colonize the oral cavity and possibly the lower respiratory tract. Although its classification as a definitive pathogen remains under investigation, it has been associated with chronic neutrophilic bronchitis in cats. These microorganisms are relatively common in the respiratory systems of animals and may contribute to various forms of bronchitis, including severe presentations.
It is estimated that approximately 1% to 5% of cats may be affected by chronic respiratory diseases, sometimes with significant clinical consequences. Filobacterium species may exist as commensal organisms in the lower airways, typically in low concentrations, but could become problematic under certain conditions.
Conclusions
Maintaining and monitoring oral health in cats is an important preventive strategy. Careful evaluation of the oral cavity, combined with targeted microbial support, may help reduce the risk of respiratory complications.
A comprehensive clinical approach should take into account the animal’s immune system, microbiota balance, nutrition, and appropriate nutraceutical support, in order to achieve an integrated and effective management of feline health.
Dr. Monica De Felice
Advanced Diploma and Scientific Consultant in Human and Pediatric Microbiome (endorsed by the University of Pavia)
Member of S.I.B.S. (Italian Society of Biological Sciences)
Master’s Degree in Clinical Probiotics and Microbiome Nutrition, Popular University of Arezzo
International School on Microbiota in Digestive Diseases – ESNM (European Society of Neurogastroenterology and Motility)
Certified in Animal Naturopathy, AIOC Academy Italy
Specialization in Cellular and System Longevity
C.T.S. Daphne Lab