As in humans, the ANIMAL world also recognizes the importance of this extraordinary universe—the WORLD OF BACTERIA, the MICROBIOTA. WHAT IS IT?
Bacteria are living, intelligent organisms with their own life, even though they are microscopic.
The digestive tract is the primary organ from an evolutionary standpoint. It is the starting point of connections with all other organs, which are vital for carrying out digestive and metabolic processes. Since a well-functioning intestine depends on specific processes—and cannot function properly without them—we can clearly understand the importance of a balanced bacterial flora for optimal function.
The state of balance among different bacterial strains is defined, in both humans and animals, as EUBIOSIS.
When, instead, there is an imbalance involving germs and fungi, we are faced with a microbial alteration of the intestinal ecosystem in animals as well.
The intestinal flora of cats and dogs contains bacteria that are essential for their health and overall well-being. While their microbial environment performs functions different from the HUMAN INTESTINAL MICROBIOTA, it still plays a crucial role. Maintaining a proper bacterial habitat helps protect them from various diseases.
SPECIFIC BACTERIAL STRAINS
- BIFIDOBACTERIUM LACTIS
Bifidobacteria, as in humans, are among the main groups of probiotics forming the intestinal microbiota in animals. Different classes colonize nearly the entire intestinal tract, particularly the small intestine. They are strictly anaerobic and support colonization. When combined with resistant starch, they facilitate apoptotic responses.
They reduce inflammation and the incidence of IBD (irritable bowel syndrome), lower allergic responses, decrease infection severity—especially in the gastric mucosa—and inhibit the proliferation of pathogenic bacteria such as Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, Salmonella, and Helicobacter pylori. - BIFIDOBACTERIUM ANIMALIS
An anaerobic bacterium found in the large intestine. It alleviates symptoms of atopic eczema and has a strong immunomodulatory effect. Like other bifidobacteria, it plays a fundamental role in health. - LACTOBACILLUS ACIDOPHILUS
A primary probiotic that colonizes the upper intestinal tract, particularly the duodenum and jejunum. It inhibits the growth of pathogenic bacteria, acting as a physiological defense system against infections, especially Candida albicans.
It produces lactic acid, acidifying the environment and significantly limiting the growth of harmful bacteria such as Escherichia coli. It adheres to intestinal cells and produces antimicrobial substances. - LACTOBACILLUS COAGULANS
Produces lactic acid through fermentation. Unlike other lactic ferments that produce both isomeric forms (including D-lactic acid, which can cause intolerance), this strain is particularly beneficial. It stimulates gastrointestinal immune defenses, reduces abdominal pain and bloating, and enhances immune response to viral infections. - LACTOBACILLUS CASEI
Uses prebiotics to improve colonization, reduces inflammation in IBD models, and, like all lactobacilli, decreases allergic and infectious responses. - LACTOBACILLUS RHAMNOSUS
Stimulates immune function, improves digestive health, and reduces diarrhea, especially when combined with Lactobacillus reuteri. It is particularly effective in cases of antibiotic-associated or viral diarrhea.
RECOMMENDATION
It is strongly recommended that with every course of antibiotics, even in veterinary medicine, Saccharomyces boulardii be administered to prevent antibiotic-associated diarrhea or when animals undergo surgery, in order to protect their microbial system.
Conclusions
The microbiota, composed of intestinal bacteria in dogs and cats, is bidirectionally integrated into the complex system that also regulates the gut–brain axis. Just as in humans, their intestinal microbiota is influenced by psychological stress; at the same time, it can influence the central nervous system (CNS) and behavior.
This reciprocal interaction between emotions and the gut highlights the psychosomatic nature of many conditions, which are increasingly common in modern animals.
Industrial pet food is often rich in preservatives and compounds generated by high-temperature processing, which may negatively affect the intestinal environment and does not provide an optimal foundation for a healthy enteric system.
From a clinical perspective, assessment may include the use of Thema Alfa by Daphne Lab as part of a more integrated and targeted approach to nutraceutical supplementation and functional nutrition.
Dr. Monica De Felice
Advanced Training Graduate and Scientific Consultant in Human and Pediatric Microbiome (University of Pavia);
S.I.B.S.;
Popular University of Arezzo – Master’s Degree in Probiotic Clinical Practice and Microbiome Nutrition;
International School on Microbiota in Digestive Diseases (ESNM – European Society of Neurogastroenterology and Motility);
Animal Naturopathy – AIOC Academy Italy;
Cellular and System Longevity;
C.T.S Daphne Lab